NIDDM

NIDDM is due to relative insulin deficiency and insulin
resistance. There is a strong genetic predisposition although
other factors such as obesity are important. Concordance in
monozygotic twins is 40–100% and the risk to siblings may
approach 40% by the age of 80. Although the biochemical
mechanisms underlying NIDDM are becoming better
understood, the genetic causes remains obscure. In rare cases,
insulin receptor gene mutations, mitochondrial DNA mutations
or mild mutations in some of the MODY genes are thought to
confer susceptability to NIDDM.